[편입/공무원/특례영어] 필수 구문 정리 19

1. While glucose caused the parts of the brain associated with food taste and smell to light up with activity, fructose had the opposite effect : It decreased activity in those cortical areas.

 

▶분석 : While glucose caused the parts of the brain (associated with food taste and smell) to light up with activity, // fructose had the opposite effect : It decreased activity in those cortical areas.

 

▶해석 : 포도당은 (음식의 맛과 냄새에 연관된) 뇌의 부분들이 활발히 깨어나도록 유발하는 반면에 // 과당은 정반대의 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 다시말해, 과당은 대뇌 피질 영역의 활동을 감소시켰다.

 

* glucose 포도당

* fructose 과당

* cortical 대뇌피질의

* light up with activty 활발히 깨어나다

 

 

2. Most people prefer swallowing a pill to being poked with a needle.

 

▶분석 : Most people prefer swallowing a pill to being poked with a needle.

▶해석 : 대부분의 사람들은 선호한다 알약을 삼키는 것을 / 바늘로 찔리는 것 보다

 

* prefer A to B : A를 선호하다 / B보다

* poke 찌르다

 

 

3. Contagious yawning is a complete different, and more "modern" phenomenon, demonstrated, so far, only in gelada baboons, chimpanzees, and humans.

 

▶분석 : Contagious yawning is a complete different, and more "modern"phenomenon, (demonstrated, so far, / only in gelada baboons, chimpanzees, and humans.)

 

▶해석 : 전염성 하품은 완전히 다른, 좀 더 “현대적인” 현상이다 / 지금까지 드러났던 / 오직 겔라다 개코원숭이, 침팬지, 사람들 에게서만

 

 

 

4. The study was done to test the hygiene hypothesis : the idea that diminished exposure to microbial organisms, in other words increased hygiene, is responsible for the rise in allergic diseases seen over recent decades.

 

▶분석 : The study was done // to test the hygiene hypothesis : the idea [that diminished exposure (to microbial organisms), in other words increased hygiene, is responsible for the rise in allergic diseases (seen over recent decades.)

 

▶해석 : 연구는 행해졌다 / 위생 가설을 테스트 하기 위해서 / 즉, 위생 가설이란 [(미생물에 대한 줄어든 노출, 즉 향상된 위생상태가 책임이 있다는 것이다 / 알러지 질병의 증가에 / 최근에 목격 되었던]

 

 

5. Not only have vaccinations prevented disease in individuals, but the administrations of vaccines worldwide has reduced disease epidemics in vulnerable areas where vaccines are inaccessible.

 

▶분석 : Not only have vaccinations prevented disease in individuals, 

           *not only 가 문두로 나가면서 도치

but the administrations of vaccines worldwide has reduced disease epidemics / in vulnerable

areas (where vaccines are inaccessible.)

 

▶해석 : 백신이 개인들에게서 질병을 예방 해 줄 뿐만 아니라 / 또한 백신의 전세계적인 처방이 전염병을 감소시켰다 / 백신 이용이 어려운 취약한 지역에서

 

 

6. In today's society, we are continually bombarded with the latest techniques of how to better ourselves, a focus which some feel is unhealthy.

 

▶분석 : In today's society,// we are (continually) bombarded with the latest techniques of [how to better ourselves], / a focus (which some feel is unhealthy.)

 

▶해석 : 오늘날의 사회에서는 // 우리는 계속해서 최신 기술들로 공격을 받고 있다 / 어떻게 더 나은 우리를 만들것인가에 대한 / 그것은 (누군가는 건강에 해롭다고 느끼는) 집중이다

 

* be bombarded with ~의 집중 공세를 받다 / 공격받다

■ bombard v. → If you bombard someone with something, you make them face a great deal of it. For example, if you bombard them with questions or criticism, you keep asking them a lot of questions or you keep criticizing them.   Synonyms: attack, assault, batter, barrage   ex) He bombarded Catherine with questions to which he should have known the answers. ex) The media bombards all of us with images of violence. ex) I've been bombarded by the press and television since I came back from Norway.

 

■ 관계대명사에서 S+V 삽입 → 관계대명사 절에서 의미 강조를 위해 S+V가 삽입 되는 경우가 있다. 삽입절을 묶어두고 본 요소들만 먼저 해석해 준다.   ex) The boy who I thought was honest deceived me. (내 생각에는) 정직했던 그 소년이 속였다 / 나를   ex) He was betrayed by a friend who he had believed would help him. 그는 배반 당했다 / 친구에 의해서 / 그 친구는 (그가 믿기에) 그를 도와줬던

 

7. Jealousy involves three parties, the subject, the rival, and the beloved ; and the jealous person's real focus of concern is the beloved ― the person whose affection he is losing or fears losing ― not his rival.

 

▶분석 : Jealousy involves three parties,// the subject, the rival, and the beloved ;and the jealous person's real focus of concern is the beloved ― the person (whose affection he is losing or (he) fears losing) ― not his rival.

 

▶해석 : 질투는 포함한다 / 세 당사자들을 / 주체, 경쟁자, 사랑하는 사람

그리고 질투하는 사람의 진짜 관심사는 사랑하는 사람이지 라이벌이 아니다.

(사랑하는 사람은, 그의 애정을 그가 잃고 있거나, 잃을까봐 두려워 하는 사람이다)

 

* conflate 섞다, 혼합하다

* consort with ~와 교제하다, 사귀다

 

* fungible 대체 가능한

ex) The fungible nature of oil has created some interesting foreign policy.

석유의 대체가능하다는 속성이 몇가지 흥미로운 외국 정책을 만들어냈다

 

 

8. Observing cliff swallows on the plains of Nebraska for several years, he noted that the birds, on returning to their nests from a food hunt, would "rock back and forth" if their hunt were successful.

 

▶분석 : Observing cliff swallows on the plains of Nebraska for several years,// he noted [that the birds, on returning to their nests from a food hunt, would "rock  back and forth" / if their hunt were successful.]

 

▶해석 : 네브라스카 평원의 삼색제비를 수년간 관찰하면서 // 그는 알아차렸다 / 새들이 몸을 앞뒤로 움직인다는 것을 / 만약 사냥이 성공적이었다면 / (사냥에서 둥지로 돌아오자마자)

 

* on -ing : ~하자마자

* rock 흔들다

* 분사구문 해석 : ~하면서, ~할 때, ~하기 때문에

 

 

9. Self-handicapping refers to actions or statements we make that allow us to avoid effort or responsibility for potential failures that could damage our self-esteem.

 

▶분석 : Self-handicapping refers to actions or statements (we make) (that allow us to avoid effort or responsibility for potential failures) (that could damage our self-esteem.)

 

▶해석 : 셀프 핸디캐핑은 말이나 행동을 나타낸다 / 우리가 하는 / (그 말과 행동은) 우리가 노력이나 책임을 피하도록 허용한다 / 잠재적 실패에 대한 / (그 잠재적 실패는) 우리의 자존심에 손상을 줄 수 있는 것이다.